Reflection on Food Waste

Reflection on Food Waste As a part time employee in a grocery store during my early high school days, I witnessed on a regular basis that at the end of each day a large quantity of baked goods and perishable food items which had reached their shelf life were carted to the garbage compactor. At the same time at the stores front entrance there were a couple of aged and homeless people begging for alms in order to buy their daily meal. I wondered at the time as to why the discarded food could not instead be distributed to those in dire need of it waiting just outside. As I continued with my studies in university I realized that the same scenario was and is still being played out on a global scale where food does not reach the people who need it the most; but for different reasons. While in the case of the hungry outside the grocery store, the action may have been necessary to prevent pandemonium and inconvenience for the staff. However globally, human hunger and starvation is caused by food shortages resulting from environmental degradation, rapid population growth, questionable technology and current economic models. Through the Holy Bible, the basis of my faith, I know that God has given all human beings dominion over the earth and all its creatures but for our own selfish purpose we tend to interpret the facility granted to us as permission to unbridled mastery over nature. We ought to remember that being given dominion over the earth merely makes us custodians of His creation. Gerald Barney, a scientist aptly stated that, for the first time in the history of Creation, the life support systems of the planet earth are being destroyed by human activities. Throughout history humans have caused locally significant damage to the environment, but never before have human numbers and actions combined to threaten the integrity of the entire planet.[1] In light of this shocking reality there is an ever increasing need for the implementation of a just and sustainable global food system to prevent humanity from crises, for hunger and malnutrition are responsible for more deaths today than any known disease . Each and every human being must be responsible participants in the reduction of global climate change which has caused major environmental disasters. Floods and droughts are known to be the main causes of worldwide food shortages and famines. Since my childhood I was always taught not to waste food and not to eat as if there was no tomorrow. I realize the wisdom in that teaching as there is not only an environmental cost of getting food on the table but it also leaves a detrimental footprint on nature in the form of global warming, pollution, destruction of the eco system, degradation of arable land and fresh water supply. Unlike the aboriginal peoples of our land who treated the earth and nature as sacred using it strictly for basic living needs, in our society as a whole we conceive of the land in terms of ownership and use. It is a lifeless medium of exchange.[2] How do we cultivate a way of life that does not violate the integrity of creation? Will we use the knowledge, be ready to use every effort and continue in our perseverance to prevent further damage to the environment and replenish the arable lands that now lie wasted? The answer is in the hands of each and every human being. Just as each member of a family is responsible for the maintenance and protection of their home, we as a global family must adopt the same attitude caring for our planetary home, we call Earth. While environmental degradation may be the indirect result of our actions, we humans are directly in control of the size of our families and the global population at large, however controversial the methods employed may be. Can the rate of the worlds staple crop production keep feeding the hungry on this earth? Both my parents came from large families in India and with the modest incomes both sets of grandparents earned; they were able to nourish their children. Basic fruits and vegetables were home grown and staple grain was locally produced or easily available. Hunger and malnutrition, I was told was minimal in those times. Presently, in the land of my ancestors, having large families is still considered a blessing from God in spite of widespread poverty, malnutrition and hunger; a human crises that is rising exponentially. They were fruitful and prolific; they multiplied and grew exceedingly strong, so the land was filled with them.[3] The land is said to be full when the food sup ply is inadequate and the environment is deteriorating. It is also known that a full environment is a dynamic concept depending on the application of human wisdom and knowledge.[4] The same Creator who declares children are a reward is also displeased when overpopulation causes destruction of His handiwork. Do we have the wisdom and the knowledge to offer proper advice for human reproduction? If so, will we be able to ensure the present global population and guarantee future generations an abundance of what creation has to offer? If we fail to find positive answers to the issue of overpopulation, the global food shortage will create chaos in poor nations further causing these failed states to export diseases and refugees. The earth does not contain resources to feed the hungry indefinitely for this will cause global grain shortage which in turn would raise prices and put food out of reach of even more people. In our quest for the growing demand of food worldwide, we must do all within our power to make agriculture as productive as possible. As a student of commerce and economics I am aware that less land is required for farming if production is maximized per acre leaving more land to be left in its wild and natural state. Biotechnology through genetic engineering of seeds has been a boom to agriculture by increasing the yield of crops, using less water and pesticides, creating less stress on our fragile land and producing grain of a higher nutritional value. However the use of biotechnology is a sharply divided issue because it also gives humans the right to claim a patent on life form which is an ethical concern. Are we trying to play God? Needless to say the very success of natural science has bred an attitude which has allowed for the exploitation and domination of the natural world in complete disregard to the social and ecological consequences.[5] Firms try to maximize profits where the marginal cost of production equals the marginal benefit derived from the produce. However, this current economic model, in my opinion, is flawed as it does not include the implicit cost of environmental degradation caused through the use of pesticides or improper crop rotation that is incurred in the production of food. Essentially, companies in the food biotech industry only seem to care about maximizing their profits regardless of how it affects the environment or humans that depend on food for survival. It is very disturbing to hear that food biotech companies purchase some of the crops from third world countries in order to genetically modify the seed only to sell it back at prices that are at a very high premium.A biotech company in the U.S. bought coffee beans from Brazil in order to genetically modify them so that they would be more weather-resistant to climate changes in Brazil that threatened future crops. However, when it came time to selling these genetically modifi ed beans back to Brazil, this same biotech firm marked up the price to the extent that Brazil was unable to afford it. Developing countries should not be subjected to this unethical practice carried out by such firms. Therefore, in my opinion, in order to build a sustainable future for people, a new earth economic model needs to be developed, one that aligns the economy with ethics and the environment. Will future life and production be controlled through biotechnology and selfish economic considerations? To counter any advancement that technology has made to benefit human food security, staple grains are now being grown to produce bio-fuels. According to the teachings of my faith, do not, for the sake of food, destroy the work of God. Everything is indeed clean, but it is wrong for you to make others fall by what you eat.[6] It would prick my conscience to realize that in order to drive my car across Canada it would require an acre of corn if not more; grain that could have been used to feed so many hungry and malnourished people in this world. The need for the development of alternate fuels is no doubt an urgent issue but it should not be at the cost of seeing our very own species placed in dire straits; an ethical irresponsibility. The last third of the twentieth century witnessed an unprecedented shift in the Human-Earth relationship; the Third Mediation as Thomas Berry termed it. Human impact now threatens Earths capacity to regenerate life as we know it and love it. Despite our basic dependence for survival on this planet, we continue to damage it through environmental degradation, overpopulation, massive use of technology and economic greed. If we are to achieve a globally just and sustainable food system, we have to learn to live in a way that does not outstrip natures capacity to regenerate itself on its own time cycles and terms. Further we should avoid forcing changes in natural systems themselves, changes that are at times even difficult for adaptable species to accept. Endnotes Rasmussen, Larry. Toward an Earth Charter. Religion Online. The Christian Century Foundation, 23 Oct. 1991. Web. 14 May 2010. . N. Scott Momaday, A First American Views His Land, National Geographic Magazine (July 1976), 18. Meeks, Wayne A. Exodus. HarperCollins Study Bible: New Revised Standard Version (with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books). Student ed. SanFrancisco: HarperCollinsPublishers, 1994. 79. Print. Fick, Gary W. Ecology in the Bible. Food, Farming, and Faith (S U N Y Series on Religion and the Environment). Albany, New York: State University Of New York Press, 2008. 37. Print. Gorringe, Timothy. Playing God. Harvest: Food, Farming and the Churches. London: SPCK, 2006. 117. Print. Meeks, Wayne A. Romans. HarperCollins Study Bible: New Revised Standard Version (with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books). Student ed. SanFrancisco: HarperCollinsPublishers, 1994. 2135. Print.

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations was established on August 8, 1967 in Bangkok, Thailand, with the signing of the ASEAN Declaration by the Founding Fathers of ASEAN Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. Brunei Darussalam joined on January 8,1984, Viet Nam joined on July 28, 1995, Lao PDR and Myanmar joined on July 23, 1997, and Cambodia on April 30, 1999, making up what is today the ten Member States of ASEAN.The signing of the ASEAN Declaration established by the Founding Fathers of ASEAN Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand represented an important milestone for economic development and affirmed the commitment to the aims and purposes of ASEAN as set forth in the ASEAN Declaration. To accelerate the economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the region through joint endeavor’s in equality and partnership in order to strengthen the foundation for a prosperous and peaceful community of South-East Asian Nations. To promote regional peace and stability through abiding respect for justice and the rule of law in the relationship among countries of the region and adherence to the principles of the United Nations Charter. To promote active collaboration and mutual assistance on matters of common interest in the economic, social, cultural, technical, scientific and administrative fields. To provide assistance to each other in the form of training and research facilities in the educational, professional, technical and administrative spheres.To collaborate more effectively for the greater utilization of their agriculture and industries, the expansion of their trade, including the study of the problems of international commodity trade, the improvement of their transportation and communications facilities and the raising of the living standards of their peoples. To promote South-East Asian studies, to maintain close and beneficial cooperation with existing international and regional organizations wit h similar aims and purposes, and explore all avenues for even closer cooperation among themselves.This later evolved into the ASEAN Charter signed on December 15, 2008, which served as a firm foundation in achieving economic growth, social development, and regional integration, by legally binding the ASEAN community to its rules and values. The ASEAN Free Trade Area was established in January 1992 to eliminate tariff barriers among the Southeast Asian countries with a view to integrating the ASEAN economies into a single production base and creating a regional market of 500 million people.The Agreement on the Common Effective Preferential Tariff (CEPT) Scheme for the ASEAN Free Trade Area requires that tariff rates levied on a wide range of products traded within the region be reduced to no more than five percent. Although originally scheduled to be recognized by 2010, the target of a free trade area in ASEAN was continuously moved forward. As early as 2000, most of the tariff lines on goods traded within ASEAN-6 (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Brunei), representing almost 90 percent of intra-ASEAN trade, were already in the 0-5 percent range.The elimination of tariffs and non-tariff barriers among the ASEAN members has served as a catalyst for greater efficiency in production and long-term competitiveness. The reduction of barriers to intra-regional trade gives ASEAN consumers a wider choice of better quality consumer products. Only 247 tariff lines within the region remained outside the remit of CEPT. The Council also announced that uptake of CEPT in the newer ASEAN member countries Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar (CLMV) was keeping pace with the original members.The CLMV countries are greatly underdeveloped and struggle economically compared to the ASEAN-6, CLMV total GDP is only about $97 billion only 7. 5% of the $1. 3 trillion total ASEAN-6 gross domestic product. Cambodia one of the newest members of ASEAN has a trade valu e of $7. 58 billion as compared to Malaysia’s trade value of $323. 5 billion. ASEAN has created the Initiative for ASEAN Integration (IAI) program, which gives direction to and sharpens the focus of collective efforts in ASEAN to narrow the development gap between ASEAN’s older and newer members.Vietnam has expressed its concerns with there new membership to ASEAN and ASEAN’s Initiative for ASEAN Integration as they face several possible economic disadvantages. Vietnam and the other ASEAN economies are essentially competitive not complementary, Vietnam’s developing industry faces potentially stiff challenges from its ASEAN counterparts. Vietnam was told they would need to end its quota system, eliminate other non-tariff barriers, and enhance the transparency of its trade regime.These steps may aggravate Vietnam’s trade imbalance with ASEAN and increase an already growing trade deficit. More than half of Vietnam’s trade deficit of $3. 5 billi on is with other ASEAN countries. There is also the possibility that Vietnam’s tax base could be undermined by the in-flow of goods from ASEAN states as part of the AFTA (ASEAN Free Trade Area). At present Vietnam earns a portion of its domestic revenue from tariffs on imported goods. When these tariffs are lowered or eliminated the flow of revenue from this source to the central government will decline.Despite the difficulties of integration and the concerns of new ASEAN members the ASEAN Charter and the AFTA have seen economic growth by lowering barriers to trade among its member-countries, ASEAN is creating an integrated regional market. This makes economies more efficient through a better division of labor, through the benefits of economies-of-scale. It stimulates healthy competition, lowering costs. It enlarges the domestic market. The region thus becomes more attractive to investors, creating more jobs.The CMLV economies have on average grown faster than the ASEAN-6 cou ntries during the past decade by 5. % compared to -8. 8% in 1998 and 8. 5% compared to 6. 4% in 2007. Over the years, ASEAN's overall trade grew from $ 10 billion in 1967, $ 14 billion in 1970, $ 134 billion in 1980, $ 302 billion in 1990 to $ 650 billion in 1995. With its combined trade value, ASEAN is the fourth largest trading entity in the world after the European Union, the United States and Japan. For about 25 years from 1970 to 1995, ASEAN's GDP grew at an average annual rate of 7. 0 percent. Today, Southeast Asia has a total market of about 500 million people and a combined GDP of more than US$ 700 billion.

Royal Government of Cambodias Efforts to Achieve

In September 2000, all 189 member provinces of the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Millennium Declaration, since the universe leaders agreed to put a time-bound mark, 2015, to accomplish eight ends for battling utmost poorness, hungriness, diseases, illiteracy, environment debasement and favoritism against adult females. The eight ends are: ( 1 ) End poorness and hungriness, ( 2 ) Universal instruction, ( 3 ) Gender equality, ( 4 ) Child wellness, ( 5 ) Maternal wellness, ( 6 ) Combat HIV/AIDS, ( 7 ) Environmental sustainability, and ( 8 ) Global partnership. These ends are now best known as the Millennium Development Goals ( MDGs ) . Following this United Nations Millennium Summit in 2000, Cambodia developed its ain set of MDGs called Cambodia Millennium Development Goals ( CMDGs ) , concentrating on poorness relief and human development. The Royal Government of Cambodia ( RGC ) is steadfastly committed to rush up its national advancement in order to run into the planeta ry ends and marks. After January 7, 1979, Cambodia initiated a steady procedure of development that has produced important advancement over the old ages. To do the accomplishment of the MDGs a world for all Cambodians, the RGC has been strongly committed to speed up more attempts, guarantee greater leading for consequences at all degrees of society, promote trusted partnership in development, enhance external development resources mobilisation, and guarantee effectivity of the usage of development resources since The General Election 1993. All development stakeholders in Cambodia, including representatives of authorities, civil society administrations, the private sector, and the external development spouses ( EDPs ) have been encouraged to work together with the RGC that has been moving as a leader, coordinator and facilitator so far toward its ain MDGs, CMDGs. Cambodia has nine Millennium Development Goals: ( 1 ) Eradicate utmost poorness and hungriness, ( 2 ) Achieve cosmopolitan primary instruction, ( 3 ) Promote gender equality and empower adult females, ( 4 ) Reduce kid mortality, ( 5 ) Improve maternal wellness, ( 6 ) Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases, ( 7 ) Ensure environmental sustainability, ( 8 ) Forge a planetary partnership for development, and ( 9 ) De-mining, explosive leftovers of war, and victim aid[ 1 ]. Since Cambodia has been a post-war state, attempt in cleaning land countries affected by mines and explosive leftover of war has been a long-run development docket of the RGC. In this respect, the RGC has adopted the â€Å" De-mining † as its ain Millennium Development Goal, CMDG-9 in add-on to the eight original planetary ends. As this paper focuses on MDG-2 and CMDG-2, three relevant facets need to be closely examined: major current policies and programmes lending to CMDG-2, cardinal challenges for run intoing CMDG-2 marks, model for run intoing the key challenges and making CMDG-2 marks, which will be discussed in item in the following subdivisions.Development Context in CambodiaThe wide aim of this chapter is to briefly discourse the last-four-decade development state of affairss in Cambodia happening in such an environment that this state had undergone its really distinguishable historical period of re-building and developing a society from the beginning of 1979 when the state rose once more from about four old ages of about entire devastation of societal and economic establishments and decimation of work force. Given this alone historical background of doing attempts to re-build and develop such a post-conflict society, it is of import to look at the development context in Cambodia in three distinguishable periods. The first was from 1979 when it emerged from about four old ages of genocidal government. Everything had to get down from abrasion, from below land nothing. The 2nd was from 1993 to 1997, when in mid-1997, the state was all of a sudden troubled by two unrelated crisis, viz. externally the East Asia economic crisis and internally the sudden political divisions and breaks, both happening about at the same time. The 3rd has started from 1998, with the formation of the 2nd RGC, until now, a period of peace, stableness and uninterrupted growing and advancement. Since 1998, Cambodia ‘s image has been unusually altering. It is now indispensable to uncover the state of affairss of socio-economic development procedure in Cambodia by manner of showing a wide overview of major accompl ishments and major facets of deficits and future challenges. Major accomplishments and developments since 1998 include the undermentioned. The betterment of political stableness, security, and peace by the authorities based on a steadfast foundation of the broad multi-party democracy. The respectful for human rights and self-respect has been strengthened. The authorities besides enhanced the good administration through province reform and judicial reforms and armed forces reforms. While the authorities is keeping low rising prices and a stable exchange rate, macroeconomic stableness and dual digit economic growing has been ensured. Furthermore, bettering agricultural productiveness, building a rural economic base, and turning the industrial sector are what the authorities has been strengthened in order to do national economic system become more competitory. Besides, the services sector has besides expanded quickly by promoting the private sector, so that both economic and fiscal sectors will be more developed. The irrigation, energy and teleco mmunication substructure has improved significantly. In add-on, concentrating on betterment of the instruction and wellness sectors are the mark of beef uping institutional and human resource capacity by the authorities. Last but non least, the authorities has boosted partnership with all stakeholders, peculiarly, private sector, and official development spouses. Deficits and future challenges include the undermentioned major facets. These important advancements still remain as challenges and have non to the full react to the existent demand of the people. The jurisprudence enforcement is still need to better every bit good as the bench. Furthermore, planetary economic instability and fiscal crisis has lag planetary economic every bit good as Cambodia since it increases in oil monetary value and nutrient monetary value, besides depreciation of US dollar. Furthermore, although poorness rate has significantly reduced through high economic growing, the rural poorness rate remains high. Besides, authorities besides needs to guarantee traffic safety and good preservation of the route web across the state. Further development of air power substructure, including betterment of airdromes in the whole state and flight safety, still continues to be a significance undertaking to develop the touristry. Electricity in rural countries is still limited, and its duty remains high compared to neighboring states, and is a large trouble in beef uping the fight. Additionally, a societal job which harms public assistance of the Cambodia young person is the production and trafficking of illegal drugs. Promoting wellness attention services and clean H2O in rural countries needs to be fixing in order to run into the marks set in the Millennium Development Goals. Furthermore, the major factors that handicap adult females from lending to socio-economic development are the human trafficking, and deficiency of instruction.Current Status of Achieving CMDG-2This chapter will reflect the current state of affairs of Cambodia ‘s attempts in accomplishing the Cambodia Millennium Development Goal 2 ( CMDG-2 ) by showing the advancement made so far in doing certain that all Kampuchean kids are able to finish a full class of primary schooling and the challenges in drawing off the marks set under this end. As all the nine ends of the CMDGs had been structured in such a manner that each end contains overall marks and specific marks, it is of import to larn about the inside informations of the CMDG-2. The CMDG-2 contains two overall marks, overall mark 1 is to guarantee all kids complete primary schooling by 2010 and nine-year basic schooling by 2015, and the overall mark 2 is to extinguish gender disparity in nine-year basic instruction by 2010.[ 2 ] First of wholly, the overall mark 1 is to guarantee all kids complete primary schooling by 2010 and nine-year basic schooling by 2015. The RGC have made singular stairss over the past nine old ages in bettering entree to instruction. This primary instruction advancement is attributed to a big enlargement of school substructure, the preparation and deployment of instructors, concentrating on distant countries, guaranting entry of 6 old ages old in primary school and the decrease in parental cost barriers. Besides, the lower secondary school is besides low, and it is chiefly because of two grounds, the slow advancement of flow rates in primary schools and the high degree of bead out in lower secondary schools. Furthermore, it will non be affected well until the internal efficiency in primary instruction is significantly improved. All in all, the chief current challenges are to better the primary flow rates every bit good as entree and passage rates to take down secondary school, which are related to the instruction quality issue. Consequently, there must be the focal point over the following six twelvemonth since the recent rates of lower secondary school advancement is about 53 per cent[ 3 ]. Second, the overall mark 2 is to extinguish gender disparity in nine-year basic instruction by 2010. Equality and non-discrimination are of import facets of the right to instruction. Gender inequalities in primary and lower secondary instruction have been eliminated. They have been reversed perchance as a consequence of a policy of supplying scholarship to hapless misss in classs 7 to 9 in the instance of lower secondary school. This noteworthy consequence was besides accomplished by a systematic focal point on preparation and using female instructors which make the per centum of female instructors at primary degree has reached 46 per cent of the sum in 2009 and 2010[ 4 ]. In decision, the chief challenge of the overall mark 2 is to do the equality between male childs and misss, so that the figure of pupils will be increased. There are some cardinal elements that have contributed to cover with the tremendous staying challenges in the instruction sector. First, the usage of a Sector Wide Approach has provided a mechanism for back uping development cooperation aid with the demands of the instruction sector. Second, many instruction plans was effectual in cut downing repeat and drop-out rates, increasing publicity rate and school attending in Grade, every bit good as bettering the quality of instruction and schoolroom environment. Last, the enlargement of lower secondary schools and a multi-grade instruction plan is the manner to procure full coverage in all communes and the decrease of uncomplete primary schools. It can be by and large concluded that guaranting just entree to instruction for all and beef uping the quality of instruction have been and remain high precedences that are to be realised by the Royal Government Cambodia.IV. Key challenges for run intoing cmdg-2 marks and major current schemes to turn to the cardinal challenges and make cmdg-2 marksThis chapter will discourse cardinal challenges faced by the RGC and its Development Partners in run intoing CMDG-2 marks and the RGC ‘s policy model to turn to the cardinal challenges and to make CMDG-2 marks. 4.1 Cardinal Challenges: Although important advancement, as reflected in the old subdivision, has been made, it is logically argued that the following two major facets in the instruction sector represent critical challenges for run intoing CMDG-2 marks: First, there is a demand to guarantee just entree to instruction services by constructing schools every bit near as possible to abodes, cut downing the figure of uncomplete primary schools, increasing operational budgets to schools, increasing the supply of instructors, supplying houses to instructors and edifice residence halls for pupils in deprived countries, particularly misss. Access shall besides be expanded for kids in early childhood instruction, every bit good as those with disablements and those from minority groups. Ensuring community or private battle in this procedure is a cardinal for long-run success. Second, it is critically of import to better the quality and efficiency of instruction services by increasing the proviso of school instructional stuffs, libraries and research labs, go oning to further develop the course of study, increasing acquisition hours and supplying scholarships ( hard currency and nutrient ) to hapless pupils, heightening instruction and direction capacities, bettering schools ‘ environment ( supply of clean H2O and latrines ) , spread outing vocational orientation, increasing review of disposal, finance and educational quality confidence. It is besides indispensable to better developing systems for instructors and direction staff and to associate them with calling waies and publicity with the purpose of heightening their motive. 4.2 Priority Schemes: To guarantee just entree to instruction services, the following strategic actions need to be put in topographic point. First, to spread out entree to early childhood instruction plans for 3 to under 6 twelvemonth olds aimed on those communes with low net admittance rates and high repeat rates in primary schools. Second, to guarantee entry of all 6 twelvemonth olds into primary school including marginalized groups such as kids with disablements, cultural minorities, and so on. Third, to cut down parental cost barriers of all facets such as informal payments and increase the figure of scholarships for pupils from hapless households, particularly misss to guarantee their entree to primary and secondary schools. Fourth, to supply proficient and vocational instruction, life-skill instruction and vocational orientation in general schools. Fifth, promote partnerships between the public and private sectors and development spouses to increase support for the proviso of local life accomplishme nts and vocational preparation and basic/required professional accomplishments responsive to the demands of the societal and labour market. Sixth, to guarantee the rationalisation of the Numberss of educational staff in distant countries. Seventh, to go on the proviso of new schools and community acquisition centres or extra installations to incomplete primary schools. Eighth, to heighten parent or community engagement in all phases of schooling, particularly by commune councils. To better the quality and efficiency of instruction services, the following prioritized actions need to transport out. First, to cut down repeat and drop-out rates at all classs. Second, to better the quality of instruction, larning and research at all degrees nationally. Third, to implement the new course of study policy, including the primary and lower secondary instruction which focal point on the figure of learning hours. Fourth, to better instructor ‘s preparation and increase service wage and inducements linked to teacher public presentation and criterions. Fifth, to increase public fiscal answerability and educational establishments ‘ duty sing operational budgets and determinations on plans. Sixth, to increase transparence and better public presentation monitoring and answerability of instructors, schools and higher instruction establishments. Seventh, to better the quality and efficiency of proficient and vocational instruction, life accomplishment instruction an d vocational orientation. Eighth, to better the quality and efficiency of physical instruction and athletics plans and school wellness. Last but non least, to increase the quality and efficiency of young person development plans taking to socio-economic development.V. ConclusionIt can be logically concluded that in order to successfully make the CMDG-2 marks, the RGC ‘s should guarantee that all Kampuchean kids and young person have equal chance for entree to both formal and informal basic instruction, without favoritism. Equally of import, the execution of those schemes need to be followed to make a civilization of freedom, peace, regard for human rights, democracy and justness every bit good as a civilization of avoiding force, forestalling drug usage, kid and adult females trafficking and eschewing societal favoritism. More attending shall be paid to better the quality of instruction by promoting instructors every bit good as outstanding pupils, upgrading learning methodolo gical analysiss, bettering plan, schoolroom conditions and larning stuffs, and making libraries and research labs. To guarantee just chance, the authorities should set up residence halls for pupils, particularly female pupils, increase scholarship for hapless pupils, and construct schools for all degrees in the metropolis every bit good as rural and distant countries. As good, preparation of qualified instructors in equal Numberss need to transport out in an effectual mode and teacher deployment policy shall be implemented expeditiously. The partnership between authorities and private sector and development spouse communities like external development spouses and civil society organisations need to be strengthened in order to better the quality of instruction sector by seting more accent on a participatory attack in the development of any possible schemes that will efficaciously response to labour market demands and to the state ‘s development demands. The authorities besides needs to turn informal instruction through literacy and vocational plans, and make learning centres of equity plans. In a broader socio-economic development context, it can be argued that to run into all CMDGs marks in general and CMDG-2 marks in peculiar would be constrained by the uncertainnesss in the planetary fiscal markets and the timing of economic recovery in advanced economic systems, the increased incidences of natural catastrophe caused by planetary clime alteration, and epidemic, which has serious deductions for the state ‘s attempts in raising up the well-being of all Cambodians. Therefore, to react to ongoing and emerging challenges caused by alterations in external environment and to convey about effectual results will necessitate periodic accommodations of allotments of both domestic and external development resources that are globally limited in order to guarantee that these resources are better aligned to national development precedences.

The Death Of An Oncoming Train Essay - 1145 Words

Stepping outside, you breathe in the brisk morning air and decide to take a walk. Your path takes you around the city and you soon find yourself in a trainyard and you make your way past the rails and unhooked train cars. You pause to catch your breath and in the silence, you hear a scream. Down on the tracks below, you see multiple figures struggling, fighting against the bonds to get themselves free. You take a step forward, intent on freeing the people only to pause again as you hear the horn of an oncoming train. By the time you reach them, the train will have come and gone, leaving them a gory mess. Instead, you spot a lever to control the tracks and you rush forward to pull it. Your hand closes around it and you begin to pull it only to hear even more yelling. Another voice on the opposite side of the tracks catches your attention, screaming for you to do something, for you to save them. You begin to sweat and your hands begin to shake as the graveness of the situation suddenly dawns on you. If you don’t pull the lever, you let five people die as a result. If you do, one person still dies but you will have been the direct cause of his death. The sound of the train’s horn blares loudly as sweat drips down your face. What do you do? What is the right thing to do here? Is it right to let one person die to save five others? Who are you to decide who lives or dies? That simple but stressful analogy is referred to as the â€Å"trolley problem† (Munroe). It is aShow MoreRelatedSelf Driving Cars : Is It All Over The World?886 Words   |  4 Pagesothers can live is justified† (Newcomb, 1). The question is often presented in a riddle like fashion explaining that there is a train heading down a track towards a group of people. If the train continues in this path, the people on the track will be killed. 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How can the soul be called pure if it taintedRead MoreImportance of Myrtle in The Great Gatsby Essay1205 Words   |  5 PagesOf these occurrences, one of the most influential and important incidents was the death of Myrtle Wilson.   While her life and death greatly affected the lives of all of the main and supporting characters, her death had a very significant effect on the lives of Tom, Daisy, and Gatsby.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tom knew Myrtle better than any of the main characters.   He had met her on a train headed for New York.   When the train reached the city, she went with him in a taxi, and their affair began.   Tom neverRead MoreThe Book Thief Movie962 Words   |  4 PagesThe film opens with a train traveling through the European countryside. It is 1938. Liesel Meminger sits on the train with her mother and younger brother, only to look over and find that her brother dies in her mothers arms. As they bury her brother, the gravedigger drops a book and Liesel picks it up and takes it with her. It is the only left that she has to remember her brother. She is then taken to her new foster parents, Rosa and Hans Hubermann. Upon her arrival, she meets Rudy Steiner who willRead MoreJames Joyce s A Painful Case1159 Words   |  5 Pagessuggesting that she began drinking. Mrs. Sinico was killed two years later by an oncoming train, as she was on the tracks at the time. Her death could, arguably, be caused by Mr. Duffy s harsh break of their affair. Mr. Duffy was able to recognize his part in her death, as she was a catalyst for emotion in his life and he was a catalyst that made her devoid of emotion in her own life. Mrs. Sinico s cause of death was remarked as likely being, due to shock and sudden failure of the heart s actionsRead MoreSnows of Kilimanjaro Essay1175 Words   |  5 Pagesattributes nearly all symbols in the novel to death itself, with close relation to the hyena, the vultures, and the other horrible creatures. â€Å"He is prepared to use, where they conform to the requirements of an imaginary situation, any of the more ancient symbols—whether the threes and nines of numerology, or the weight of the Cross in Christian legend. But the scythe and the skull, though ancient enough, simply do not fit the pattern of Harrys death and are therefore rejected in favor of the foulRead MoreMoral Wisdom Seems to Be as Little Connected to Knowledge of Ethical Theory as Playing Good Tennis Is to Knowledge of Physics (Emrys Westacott). to What Extent Should Our Actions Be Guided by Our Theories in Ethics and Elsewhere?1737 Words   |  7 Pagesmight not only apply moral rules inconsistently, but also hold inconsistent principles. To illustrate the plausibility of the ethnic thesis, let us take a look at one such thought experiment-trolley problem: A trolley (i.e. in British English a train) is running out of control down a track. In its path are five people who have been tied to the track by a mad philosopher. Fortunately, you could flip a switch, which will lead the trolley down a different track to safety. Unfortunately, thereRead MoreEconomic, Social, and Political Problems in the Post-Civil War era1185 Words   |  5 Pagesmany trains from moving. Trains were the main means of shipping almost any goods, which meant that anything needed to be shipped either arrived late and in smaller quantities, or was never received at all. The government soon became frustrated and sent in militia units to restore order, but the men refused to use force against the workers. Then the governors sent out regiments of the National Guard, who were attacked by citizens as they marched down the roads. These riots caused several deaths andRead MoreEssay on Use of Technology in Fire Safety Education1446 Words   |  6 PagesUse of Technology in Fire Safety Education Every year 5,000 lives are taken due to fire in the homes. Many of these deaths may have been prevented. Fire not only claims lives, it’s destroys property and injuries many. Thankfully, there is something we can do. Over the years, the growth in technology used in to educate about fire safety has increased greatly. We now have many different ways to reach people of all ages. Some of this information includes: increased importanceRead MoreRespect of the Gods in the Odyssey1219 Words   |  5 Pagespulled away his clothes and looked at his neck, they had said him a solemn farewell in expectation of his death. We ll meet again in a better world, they said. He was classed among the dying and put aside on a cot to do so. But he failed at it. After two days, space being short, they sent him on to a regular hospital in his own state. All through the mess of the field hospital and the long grim train ride south in a boxcar filled with wounded, he had agreed with his friends and the doctors. He thought